Anxiety Zone - Capgras syndrome

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Capgras syndrome

The Capgras delusion or Capgras' syndrome is a rare disorder in which a person holds a delusional belief that an acquaintance, usually a close family member or spouse, has been replaced by an identical looking imposter.

It is named after Joseph Capgras (1873-1950) a French psychiatrist who first described the disorder in a paper by Capgras and Reboul-Lachaux in 1923. They used the term l'illusion des sosies (the illusion of doubles) to describe the case of a French woman who complained that various 'doubles' had taken the place of people she knew. However, the term illusion has a subtly different meaning from delusion in psychiatry so 'Capgras delusion' is used as a more suitable name.

This case is taken from a 1991 report by Passer and Warnock:

Mrs. D, a 74-year old married housewife, recently discharged from a local hospital after her first psychiatric admission, presented to our facility for a second opinion. At the time of her admission earlier in the year, she had received the diagnosis of atypical psychosis because of her belief that her husband had been replaced by another unrelated man. She refused to sleep with the imposter, locked her bedroom and door at night, asked her son for a gun, and finally fought with the police when attempts were made to hospitalise her. At times she believed her husband was her long deceased father. She easily recognised other family members and would misidentify her husband only.

Capgras delusion is classed as a delusional misidentification syndrome, a class of delusional beliefs that involves the misidentification of people, places or objects. Although Capgras is commonly called a syndrome, it may occur as part of, or alongside various other disorders and conditions, such as schizophrenia and neurological illness. Therefore some researchers have argued that it should be considered as a symptom, rather than a syndrome or classification in its own right.

There is strong neuropsychological evidence that the Capgras delusion is, at least in part, related to a loss of emotional response to familiar faces. This is in the context of generally good (although not always perfectly intact) face perception abilities. This seems to be the reverse of prosopagnosia, a condition where conscious face recognition abilities are lost, despite sufferers still showing a covert emotional response to familiar faces, detectable by measuring (for example) skin conductance.

These results and others gained from studying the Capgras delusion have helped uncover the normal psychology of face recognition. The study of mental illness to uncover the normal function of the mind and brain is known as cognitive neuropsychiatry and study of the Capgras delusion has been cited an early success in this field of study.

The information above is not intended for and should not be used as a substitute for the diagnosis and/or treatment by a licensed, qualified, health-care professional. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It incorporates material originating from the Wikipedia article "Capgras syndrome".